i'd always known TS Eliot to be a thief (after all, he was the one who famously claimed that good poets steal), but i'd not known how much of a thief, till i came across this passage today:
from Lancelot Andrewes's Christmas Day sermon, 1622:It is not commended, to stand gazing up into heaven too long, on Christ himself ascending: much less on His star. For, they sat not still gazing on the star. Their
Vidimus begat
Venimus; their seeing made them come; come a long journey. Venimus is soon said; but a short word: But, many a wide and weary step they made, before they could come to say
Venimus, Lo,
here we are come; Come and at our journey's end. To look a little on it. In this their coming, we consider, First, the distance of the place they came from. It was not hard by, as the shepherds' (but a step to Bethlehem, over the fields:) This was riding many a hundred miles, and cost them many a day's journey. Secondly, we consider the way that they came: If it be pleasant, or plain and easy: For if it be, it is so much the better. This was nothing pleasant: for through deserts, all the way waste and desolate. Nor (secondly) easy either: For over the rocks and crags of both Arabies (specially Petrea) their journey lay. Thirdly, yet if safe: but it was not; but exceedingly dangerous, a lying through the middest of the black tents of Kedar, a nation of thieves and cut-throats; to pass over the hills of robbers; infamous then, and infamous to this day. No passing, without great troop or convoy. Last we consider the time of their coming, the season of the year. It was no summer progress. A cold coming they had of it, at this time of the year; just the worst time of the year to take a journey, and specially a long journey in. The ways deep, the weather sharp, the days short, the sun furthest off in
solstitio brumuli, the very dead of Winter.
Venimus, we are come, if that be one;
Venimus, we are (now) come, come at this time, that (sure) is another. And these difficulties they overcame, of a wearisome, irksome, troublesome, dangerous, unreasonable journey; And for all this, they came. And came it cheerfully and quickly; As appeareth by the speed they made. It was but
Vidimus,
Venimus, with them; They saw and they came: No sooner saw, but they set out presently.
Compare it with TS Eliot's far more famous 'The Journey of the Magi':'A cold coming we had of it,
Just the worst time of the year
For the journey, and such a long journey:
The ways deep and the weather sharp,
The very dead of winter.'
And the camels galled, sore-footed, refractory,
Lying down in the melting snow.
There were times we regretted
The summer palaces on slopes, the terraces,
And the silken girls bringing sherbet.
Then the camel men cursing and grumbling
And running away, and wanting their liquor and women,
And the night-fires going out, and the lack of shelters,
And the cities hostile and the towns unfriendly
And the villages dirty and charging high prices:
A hard time we had of it.
At the end we preferred to travel all night,
Sleeping in snatches,
With the voices singing in our ears, saying
That this was all folly.
Then at dawn we came down to a temperate valley,
Wet, below the snow line, smelling of vegetation;
With a running stream and a water-mill beating the darkness,
And three trees on the low sky,
And an old white horse galloped away in the meadow.
Then we came to a tavern with vine-leaves over the lintel,
Six hands at an open door dicing for pieces of silver,
And feet kicking the empty wine-skins.
But there was no information, and so we continued
And arrived at evening, not a moment too soon
Finding the place; it was (you may say) satisfactory.
All this was a long time ago, I remember,
And I would do it again, but set down
This set down
This: were we led all that way for
Birth or Death? There was a Birth, certainly,
We had evidence and no doubt. I had seen birth and death,
But had thought they were different; this Birth was
Hard and bitter agony for us, like Death, our death.
We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,
But no longer at ease here, in the old dispensation,
With an alien people clutching their gods.
I should be glad of another death.
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Not that Eliot ever tried to conceal his debt to Andrewes: my ignorance does not in any way suggest any shortcomings in terms of intellectual integrity on Eliot's part. i'm just taken aback at his sheer audacity in taking for the opening lines of his poem the words of another writer, almost verbatim. Not to mention the fact that those have to be among the most memorable opening lines in all poetic history.
Literary fangirlism asides, what strikes me about the sermon is the way it brings what is essentially a sidenote in the Bible to startling, heart-throbbing life. All it would take would be for a Tolkein or a CS Lewis to expand it further, and it could become a whole book in a fantasy / Christian allegory series. Of course, the fact that it makes a valid, important point from the imaginative exercise simply increases my respect for this 17th century religious thinker and Anglican preacher. We could definitely do with more such people nowadays.
......